Aspectual evaluation of IS in use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aspectual assessment of IS being used - Essay Example This glimmer will be connected to a few web site for example YouTube for the clients to have a video watch on how b-ball is played. This likewise will set aside the client some cash since it shouldn't be purchased. Champion ball streak assessment There are a few clients in the family who are liable to utilize the hero b-ball glimmer and whom must be considered in the family. Dissimilar to me being an expert bin hotshot, my better half isn't a b-ball fan; my most established little girl adores games however plays tennis. In any case if may seem mistaken since my last conceived is a bushel hotshot however isn't a fan, subsequently my second conceived child doesn't play ball yet is a decent b-ball fan. Physical perspective This is the connection to sentiments of the client on this boss b-ball streak which can be controlled starting with one screen then onto the next. A genuine model is the point at which the client will feel upbeat and pleased by the nearness of headliners like tiger wo ods who is the best Basketball global player. This will likewise carry fervor to the client particularly when the group of stars are playing the game. These minutes will make the client glad and make the boss b-ball blaze to be energizing. ... The principle introduction is connected to the major and appealing destinations visited in the web to give the client the best recordings and pictorials for the related game. This recordings and games raise the user’s level of satisfaction, this games and recordings in the web are constantly refreshed and the client will have an entrance of the current games in particular. In the long run a portion of this illustrations are entertaining image of the players that they like most and this makes the clients glad and eager to utilize the boss ball ostentatious. Therefore, this makes the youthful clients to acquire enthusiasm for this game and consequently causes the client to see progressively about the game. Quantative perspective The client won't have the option to see all the introduction in a similar day as this is beyond what human can take. This is because of recordings and pictures which continue refreshing and changing every day. In this unique circumstance, the clients sho uld continue returning to the introduction to discover what's going on in the game. The route between screens on Basketball playing and its relations to various players, fields and various nations is increasingly unpredictable and this will set aside effort to cover. World records continue being broken and this will make the introduction change on the player’s data part prompting an update of another record with another player. This wills make the clients to return to a specific lurch when another record is set. Additionally my little girl like watching something twice for a profound comprehension and this will cause her to return to the screens and this will devour time, my children well likes watching recordings and subsequently recordings watching will expend a ton of time with the end goal for one to have a decent understanding. Moral perspective In any application created, on needs to think about its moral ramifications and qualities. In this

Building for brands Essay

Today, organizations take extraordinary consideration when formuâ ¬lating and executing promoting efforts. A unique consideration is given to the message of an advertisement and its effect on potential purchasers. The fundamental fixings that add to an extraordinary publicizing effort are a one of a kind motto (message) and picture of an advertisement. Advertisers impart through a lot of implications and definitions sending specific messages to customers and controlling the dissemination of thoughts regarding an item (Wells et al 2005). The specific motto, and the manner in which it is introduced, relies upon the advertiser’s objective, for example, Allstate Insurance Company’s promotion: â€Å"You're in acceptable hands†. Motto is significant component of correspondence since it sticks to consumer’s mind for quite a while regardless of whether they don't recollect the specific picture, they recall the trademark. For example, Nike makes the accompanying trademark for it commercial: 'Get it done! ’ It requests to potential purchasers through passionate reaction: a typical arrangement of implications gets from the language, yet alludes all the more comprehensively to the example of convictions, codes, and sentiments based on which individuals figure out how to live with their condition. Visual picture underpins the trademark and requests to purchasers through a visual analyzer. Diversion and significance help to make an extraordinary promoting message and stands out. Such promotions have more prominent passionate effect on potential customers and their choice to buy. For example, a trademark ‘Don't venture out from home without it' utilized by American Express, offers to feelings and sentiments of customers; this motto is anything but difficult to recalls and rehash. Since items are often at various stages throughout their life cycle in different national markets, and in light of social, social, and financial dif-ferences that exist in those business sectors, the best intrigue or selling recommendation for an item may change from market to advertise. The selection of media is significant on the grounds that it permits an organization to impact and apple to various objective gatherings. Media controls the flow of thoughts regarding a specific item. For example, radio publicizing is cheap; the message can't be passed or rehash. Television media is progressively powerful on the grounds that individuals and items have an authenticity. A TV commercial can be planned to the hour, day, week or program. For example, Raid’s advertisement: Kills bugs dead' join both visual and sound-related intrigue. The advertisement 'You can do it. We can help' utilized by Home Depot bids to me in an enthusiastic level. It requests to the core of the target group. This message of the advertisement significantly affects tastes and needs making design. It furnishes potential shoppers with human-focused conduct, rude of any outside outcomes, present moment or long haul. The goal of the advertisement was to stand out to their image name and proposed a help in day by day issues. For this situation, the large thought of commercial can be contrasted and a blaze of understanding that combines the reason for the system, joins the item advantage with buyer want in a crisp, including way, breathes life into the subject, and makes the peruser or crowd stop, look, and tune in. It is conceivable to state that shoppers â€Å"read† the message hearing or taking a gander at the ad. Home Depot didn't attempt to ‘sell’ its items to a potential purchaser however proposed an assistance and backing, critical thinking and demonstrate their master information. The intended interest groups of Home Deport are singular clients and development organizations engaged with building fix and recreation administrations. In aggregate, after John O’Toole (refered to Wells et al 2005, p.67) the enormous thought of a promotion can be depicted as a blaze of knowledge that orchestrates the reason for the system, joins the item advantage with buyer want in a crisp, including way, breathes life into the subject, and makes the peruser or crowd stop, look, and tune in. Promoting impacts the general public as it is frequently intended to increase the value of an item or brand, it plays a progressively significant interchanges job in advertising customer items than in showcasing items. References 1. Wells, W. P. , Mariarty, S. , Burnett, J. (2005). Publicizing: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall; 7 edn.

Paper Writing Help - How to Maximize Your Paper Writing Help Opportunities

Paper Writing Help - How to Maximize Your Paper Writing Help OpportunitiesThere are many sources for online paper writing help, whether you are an aspiring writer or an experienced one. This article will highlight a few ways to make yourself more marketable in the world of writing. Be sure to take advantage of these tips, so that you can gain more work opportunities and raise your potential income.There are many online writing companies which provide services for paper writing help. You can find them through search engines like Google, Yahoo, and MSN. But, there is a tendency to get confused when it comes to choosing the right company. Sometimes, you are faced with the same type of paper writing help. Before making a final decision, it is a good idea to consider some aspects.The first thing that you need to do is look for a suitable company. If possible, try to find out what they specialize in. This can be a very valuable information.You can check if the online writing service offers a variety of paper writing help, whether for short stories, essays, newsletters, books, etc. If you are interested in making money writing, this is a must. You should know how to market yourself as an expert writer in the world of online writing services.As you move up in the ranks, you will be exposed to different levels of clients. So, you should ensure that you continue to create new content for their products. You need to develop your writing skills for each new client. You will earn more if you continue to write for others.Remember that you can benefit from this kind of paper writing help for getting the best results. Of course, you need to read the terms and conditions carefully before signing up for any online writing service. Sometimes, companies which provide paper writing help do not give you a proper list of titles which you can submit.Always remember that every online writing service will not suit you. Try to choose a number of services, which you find very appealing. T ake note of the costs of the services, which are offered by each one. For example, if you are using a freelance writing service, it would be much easier for you to negotiate better prices for your services.It is also possible to post your own blog on the net. This is a good way of writing for other people. You can hire a person who has been published to write and post your blogs for you.

Review Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis - 958 Words

Bibliography of the Life of Franz Kafka There are several aspects about the writing of Franz Kafka that make it enticing to the reader and tantalizing enough to keep the reader intrigued. The narrative that I find most intriguing by Kafka is The Metamorphosis. The Metamorphosis is a tale wherein Kafka essentially gives his perception of the story of his life through the use of storytelling devices, which without the use of them would have made it a less interesting tale. Franz Kafka was born on July 3rd, 1883. Kafka was a German writer who wrote short stories that typically revolved around bizarre and asinine plotlines. These stories were typically a mixture of realism and fantasy. The term Kafkaesque was coined in order to describe the content of Kafka s stories. Kafka was born in Prague and grew up in a middle class family. Kafka studied in order to become a lawyer and eventually found work as an insurance agent. Due to the nature of his profession, he had a lot of own time. This led to him writing in his free time. His writing was not only limited to short stories, he enjoyed writing to members of his family, his significant other, his friends, etc. He wrote several short stories throughout his lifetime and a few of them were even published. Throughout his entire life, he always harbored an inferiority complex and thought of himself as physically and mentally repulsive. Although he had this negative self view of himself, others described him as c hill and laid back.Show MoreRelatedThe Big, Bad, Socialism Bug1280 Words   |  6 Pages200 September 23, 2015 The Big, Bad, Socialism Bug A known socialist, Franz Kafka was especially taken with Karl Marx’s theory of alienation. The theory states that people lose their humanity as a consequence of living in divided social classes. The worker needs the labor to live, and misses out on intrinsic human needs; the worker is a worker first, a human being second (Fay). This concept is what frames The Metamorphosis: A man loses his humanity through unfulfilling work, and while losing hisRead MoreAnalysis Of On Dumpster Diving Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pagesexploration of his family background. To get as close as possible to his roots, he returns to his Grandmother s house to feel a stronger spiritual connection with the Kiowa Tribe. He learns more about his traditions and roots. Going through a journey like that and learning all about where you came from can be an eye opening experience. Now that he has learned more he can distinctively review the stories his Grandma used to let him know. The love of his grandmot her gave him the encouragement to lookRead MoreThe Trial And The Metamorphosis2538 Words   |  11 Pagesand The Metamorphosis are the two foremost works Franz Kafka has ever written. By doing this, Franz makes the similarities and differences very obvious, yet each text is complex in their own way. In The Trial and The Metamorphosis, Kafka uses unique aspects to compare the characters in each novel. Each character is being forced by anonymous forces. They both go through loneliness to find the meaning behind their suffering. Each similarity and difference in The Trial and The Metamorphosis, come alongRead MoreKarl Marx : Is Alienation A Systematic Result Of Capitalism?1711 Words   |  7 Pagescapitalism. Predominance of private ownership of means of production and exploitation of wage labor all characterize alienation, therefore, alienation is the culmination of capitalism. According to Karl Marx, alienation is the transformation of individual`s own labor into a power that rules by supra-human laws. In his theory he believed that alienation brought distinction of substances that were harmoniously put together. It brought social divisions of people from the aspect of their â€Å"human nature’’ whichRead MoreThe Irony : The Metamorphosis2095 Words   |  9 PagesThe Irony: The Metamorphosis A strongminded man who has everything going for him, nice job nice car, great friends, etc. comes home every night to a sick mother whom he takes care of after a long day of living a lavish life. His one weakness is his sick mother because she taught him everything. No one, not even his best friend knows about his other life and so that s how he keeps it. Oh the irony right? Big strong man afraid to live his truth in fear of change and facing his reality. In The MetamorphosisRead More Suicide among college students Essay example2677 Words   |  11 Pagesenough for acceptance in certain degree programs, law school or medical school because during college years a person’s potential career is at risk. Also, in today’s society, the family can be quite different from the stereotypical family of the 1950’s where the father went to work and the mom stayed at home. Today, with single parent families and families where both parents may be working full time the child is the one who is getting left out. The thought of suicide just doesn’t come when a personRead MoreSuicide Among College Students2688 Words   |  11 Pagesenough for acceptance in certain degree programs, law school or medical school because during college years a persons potential career is at risk. Also, in todays society, the family can be quite different from the stereotypical family of the 1950s where the father went to work and the mom stayed at home. Today, with single parent families and families where both parents may be working full time the child is the one who is getting left out. The thought of suicide just doesnt come when a personRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by ma nufacturers

The Organization Behaviors Of Enron Essay - 1390 Words

The Organization Behaviors of Enron Introduction Enron is considered America’s largest corporate failure in history and is a story about greed, fraud, and human tragedy. In 1986, Houston National Gas and Internorth, a natural gas pipeline company, merged to create Enron with Ken Lay as the chair and chief executive officer (CEO). Lay transformed the company into a high tech global operation that traded water, energy, broadband, and electricity. In less than a year, problems arose of fraud and an investigation confirmed inaccuracies with the companies accounting records. In 2000, Enron’s gross revenues exceeded $100 billion, yet no one really knew how Enron was making its money (Stein Pinto, 2011). In September 2001 when bankruptcy was imminent, top executives secretively took their stock options worth millions while encouraging employees to keep theirs in the company. Three months later, more than 20,000 employees lost their jobs, insurance, and pensions when Enron announced bankruptcy. The movie Enron, The S martest Guys in the Room, is about how management, leadership, and organizational structures failed and caused unnecessary harm to many people (Gibney, 2005). This paper will look at how organizational behaviors including; ethics, culture, and leadership styles of top executive leaders caused the debacle of Enron. Ethics The three most notable executives at Enron were Jeff Skilling, Ken Lay and Andrew Fastow. Jeff Skilling believed that the only thing thatShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Faced By Enron Should Have Be Aware Of Certain Risk Factors1301 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Problems Head On Enron should have be aware of certain risk factors can lead to unethical behavior. Top management must adhere and emulate the highest ethical standards. In order to stop unethical behavior within an organization, there must be a way employees to discuss their experiences with someone outside the organization. This creates a firewall between employees and management where fear of retribution for their actions does not exist. Addressing unethical behavior quickly and thoroughlyRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1094 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Reflection Paper STR/581 July 26, 2010 University of Phoenix Ethics Reflection Paper Before WorldCom and Enron, many organizations unconditionally placed social and ethical responsibility with administrative legal and compliance obligations, regulations and rules. Today, a company’s ethical behavior is vital to the success of the company. Consumers not only expect but demand that a company is visible in their practices and are held accountable for their actions; be itRead MoreWeek 2 Essay747 Words   |  3 Pageschanging economy. Organizations around the world are penalized for failing to follow the new laws or sanctioned by the security exchange commission. The precautions are put in place to help protect the organizations shareholders and investors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the largest known corporation’s entities years ago was known as Enron. The downfall of Enron occurred because the organization failed to train his or her business executive’s how to investigate company information and operations. If Enron had practicedRead MoreHow Ethics Influence Behavior in Organizations1010 Words   |  5 PagesHOW ETHICS INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS In reality, there are some specific regulations governing our lives. However, regulations do not restrain everything. In some aspects, ethics play a much more important role than regulations. Ethics is â€Å"the code of moral values or principles that governs the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong† (Daft amp; Armstrong, 2012, p.369). Unethical behavior is very common in organizations. When people need to make a decisionRead MoreA Discussion On Ethics And Law Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pages Enron, a Discussion on Ethics and Law Leadership’s Role in Ethical Dilemma As documented in a promotional video for Enron, Kenneth Lay states: â€Å"Enron is a company that deals with everyone with absolute integrity. We play by all the rules. . . We want people to leave a transaction with Enron thinking they have been dealt with in the highest possible way, as far as integrity and truthfulness and really doing our business right.† (Enron Vision and Values, 1998, 3:32) Whereas this message was intendedRead MoreBusiness Failure Paper1045 Words   |  5 Pagesthe largest energy companies in the world, Enron Corporation. I will discuss the leadership, management, and organizational structure of the company and how this failure could have been prevented. Company Overview Enron Corporation was an American energy company in downtown Houston, Texas. Enron employed more than 22,000 workers and was one of the largest companies dealing with electricity, natural gas, and communications. In the year 2000, Enron claimed revenues of over $100 billion. ByRead MoreThe Reprehensible Story Of The Enron Corporation1680 Words   |  7 Pagesreprehensible story of the Enron Corporation’s rapid rise to success followed by their consequential disgraceful fall is one that has captivated the attention of the public for more than a decade. Not only was this scandal highlighted largely due to the widespread publication of the Enron Corp’s actions in the newspapers and television but must notably their substantial contradictory actions against not only basic ethics but Enron’s published Code of Ethics. Outlining the reputation of Enron, Kenneth Lay, ChairmanRead MoreOrganizational Culture : The Demise Of Enron1489 Words   |  6 Pagescorporations but some, like Enron operate parallel to the all the good they portray but in a vacuum they operate with only their selfish desires and greed. Organizational culture can be difficult to define in a sense because it’s not a palpable concept. For example, culture is more like a tradition, belief, or something cultivated; surely it can be felt, but it can’t be grasped. Thus this paper will examine the definition of organizational culture, the demise of Enron, and discuss ways the leadershipRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Collapse Of Enron1366 Words   |  6 PagesCulture of Enron Before Enron bankruptcy it was one of America’s most powerful and successful energy companies. The company thrived and pushed to be number one no matter the circumstance, in this company’s case if it meant doing it illegally. Fraud accounting, auditing, energy trading, and illegal finance was the company’s downfall leading to corruption and most of all greed. Enron was aggressive and a competitive environment. The documentary was just not giving the name â€Å"The Smartest Guys in theRead MoreOrganizational Culture : The Smartest Guys Of The Room1649 Words   |  7 Pagesdistinguishes the organization from other organizations† (Robbins 249). A strong organizational culture is one whose organization’s core values are both intensely held and widely shared. After viewing Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room, it is obvious that Enron had not only an organizational culture that was strong, but one that was extreme and aggressive. This aggressive and str ong organizational culture discouraged both teamwork and ethical behavior and in the end it only plagued Enron until it eventually

A Research Report On Green Frog Nursery - 1514 Words

Introduction Green Frog Nursery is a local sanctuary dedicated to growing and selling native plants. This not-for-profit organisation operates mainly with volunteers and few full-time volunteers; this poses few problems as the majority of volunteers are elderly. Due to Australia’s increasingly ageing population, organisations are requiring changes in management styles to accommodate changes in demographics. Problems stemming from this change are evident in the organisation, Green Frog Nursery. Potential issues identified in this organisation lack of succession planning and engagement with future volunteers to carry forward the sanctuary. This report discusses how the issues originated, and how they will be addressed. Through management†¦show more content†¦Additionally, this source claims, â€Å"†¦the performance payoff from organisational health is unexpectedly large†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (McKinsey Company, 2016). Therefore, in order to prevent the issue, feedforwards and concurre nt controls must be in progress. Concerns surrounding the need for succession planning in the organisation, Green Frog Nursery, are directly derived from external factors. Following the Second World War, Australia experienced a substantial population increase, the era of the baby boomers (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). Following this era, Australian citizens became increasingly educated, particularly in areas of female contraception. This led to an initial spike in birth rates followed by a sharp decline in birth rates (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2016). Therefore, Australia’s demographics quickly changed, causing many unintended consequences for the labour force. According to the ABS â€Å"The number of Australians aged 65 and over is expected to increase rapidly, from around 2.5 million in 2002 to 6.2 million in 2042. That is, from around 13 percent of the population to around 25 percent. For Australians aged 85 and over, the growth is even more rapid, from around 300,000 in 2002 to 1.1 milli on in 2042.† (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2001). Inevitably, changes to demographics have large impacts on organisations. According to the ABS, the replacement rate, â€Å"†¦the average number of babies born to a

Jock Jams Volume 4 free essay sample

Jock Jams Volume 4A few days ago, I purchased ESPNs Jock Jams Volume 4 CD for my brother. Judging by the list of songs on the cover, I figured it would be good for someone who likes all different types of music. I was right: he plays it nonstop. I dont mind listening to the music, either. If you are looking for an upbeat CD, I suggest this one.I am surprised Jock Jams has stayed so popular. Once albums get to volume four or five, listeners seem to lose interest. In this case, I think volume four is the most popular. I hope teens wont be turned off by the volume number because this CD is without a doubt worth $16.95.This CD includes music from Will Smith (GettinJiggy Wit It), Chumbawamba (Tubthumping), Backstreet Boys (Everybody), Salt n Pepa (Push It) and Mase/Puff Daddy/BIG (Mo Money, Mo Problems). We will write a custom essay sample on Jock Jams Volume 4 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In between some songs, cheerleaders do cheers. The songs are upbeat which makes it easy to dance or cheer to. Whether you are practicing the latest dance moves or just listening to some good music, this is a good choice.I was disappointed with some of the songs. Raise The Roof consisted of the same three words repeated over and over. The other song I disliked was Mueve La Cadera. The Jock Jams Volume 4 is a good investment. Im sure you will enjoy it as much as my brother..

The Color Purple Book Report Essay Example For Students

The Color Purple Book Report Essay 1.The main character in The Color Purple is a young black Georgia girl named Celie. She is uneducated and uses a non-standard dialect when writing and speaking. She was born into a poor family. Her mother was ill much of the time, and there were too many children. She was raped by her father, who she later finds out is actually her step-father. She has very little self-worth and self-esteem. In the end she is able to triumph over the sexual and racial oppression that she has had to face. 2.One of the minor characters is Shug Avery. She is a blues singer who teaches Celie about love and self-esteem. At first she seems to be selfish and arrogant. She tries to avoid the truth about who she really is. She is uncompromisingly honest, in fact, her first words to Celie were, You sure is ugly. By nature she is manipulative and superficially popular. Shes a free spirit. Shes full of life on stage, and it appears that she lives a sweet life. The fact that she sings blues is due to the lonely isolation she feels. We will write a custom essay on The Color Purple Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another minor character is Mr. or Albert. He is the moody, vicious man that Fonso chooses as Celies husband. He is quite an evil man, and surprisingly weak. His mistreatment of Celie is totally unnecessary, yet his adoration of Shug shows a soft side. Alberts father did not raise him to be independent, but rather to serve his fathers own needs. As he grew older and had his father as a role model, he became self-centered and an irrational individual. Just like the other characters, Albert is reformed throughout the novel. He goes from being a detestable figure to an understanding, grandfatherly figure. 3.The setting is not actually told to the reader. It must be concluded from clues throughout the novel. It is however stated that it takes place in Georgia and Africa simutaneously, since Celie is in Georgia and Nettie is in Africa. There are large gaps between letters, sometimes as much as five years. The letters begin in a time when people ride around in wagons, and when the letters end, people are driving cars. From this it can be concluded that the time is near the beginning of the twentieth century. 4.The novel begins with Celies letter. She is writing to God and trusting him as she would trust a best friend for guidance and strength, despite the unhappiness she feels within herself and all those around her. She tells him that she is only fourteen, but already she does the cooking, cleaning, and caring for her siblings because of her mothers poor health. She has also been raped by her father. By the age of fifteen Celie has grown up considerably. She is pregnant for the second time. Her mother dies and leaves her to watch over the children. At this point she believes that Fonso, her father and the father of her children, has killed her other child. Fonso remarries and promises Celie to marry Mr.. For years, Celie withstands Mr., Alberts, brutal violence. She is more a slave to her husband, than she is a wife. And then something unexpected happens. Her husbands mistress, Shug, comes to the house to recuperate and Celie becomes her nurse. As Shug grows stronger physically, and as Celie nurses her, Shug encourages Celie to grow stronger psychologically. At the same time, Sofia, Celies daughter-in-law shows Celie how to stand up to men, prejuduce, and injustice, and to fight. It isnt easy for Celie to act on these new concepts, but when she finds proof that Albert has hidden all of her sisters letters from her, trying to make her think that Nettie was either dead or that she never wrote, Celie cant take anymore. She fights back. She leaves him and goes to Memphis to find happiness with a woman who loves her. .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e , .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .postImageUrl , .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e , .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e:hover , .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e:visited , .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e:active { border:0!important; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e:active , .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u744a3406d837e0d67e4f59570fa4b54e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Biotechnology: Genetically Modified Foods EssayAll through the years, she has kept the memory of Nettie alive, despite the fact that that there was no proof Nettie was even alive. Nettie is not only alive, but she helped raise Celies two children. When the novel ends, Celie has learned to love herself and others. She has endured much and has learned to fight. She has won her battles. In fact, not only has Celie won, but she has discovered a sense of joy that she never realized was possible. 5.One symbol from the book would have to be Olivia and Adam. They are Celies children by her father. Both of their lives originated from her being raped by her father. They both symbolize her pain and grief. They are reminders of the incest in which they were created from, and yet at the same time they symbolize a type of freedom or joy. Theey were brought into the world under bad circumstances, but they led happy lives. Things can change. Another symbol is the road that runs through the Olinka village. Just as the slave traders arrived many years before and robbed Africa of its best people, the roadbuilders now rob the Africans of their homes and lands. The Olinka did not realize that the road was going to run through their village. They are symbolically blind to the progress that they cannot stop. They became friends with the roadbuilders who were their distant cousins, and much like the time when the blacks sold one another into slavery, they were betrayed. 6.A.You better not never tell nobody but God. Itd kill your mammy. Dear God,I am fourteen years old. I am I have always been a good girl. Maybe you can give me a sign letting me know what is happening to me. Last spring after little Lucious come I heard them fussing. He was pulling on her arm. She say It too soon, Fonso, I aint well. Finally he leave her alone. A week go by, he pulling on her arm again. She say Naw, I aint gonna. Cant you see Im already half dead, an all of these children. She went to visit her sister doctor over Macon. Left me to see after the others. He never had a kine word to say to me. Just say You gonna do what your mammy wouldnt. First he put his thing up gainst my hip and sort of wiggle it around. Then he grab hold my titties. Then he push his thing inside my *censored*. When that hurt, I cry. He start to choke me, saying You better shut up and git used to it. But I dont never git used to it. And now I feels sick every time I be the one to cook. My mama she fuss at me an look at me. She happy, cause he good to her now. But too sick to last long. This passage is the first passage, or letter in the book. It leaves the reader stunned because it is so powerful yet brief. Its in such a matter-of-fact style. Talking to her friend God, Celie uses certain words without any embarrassment since they are the only words she knows for those terms. What is shocking is the fact that her father has raped her and threatened more violence if she tells anyone about it. The violence itself is shocking, not Celies language. B.Dear God,They have made three babies together but he squeamish bout giving her a bath. Maybe he figure he start thinking bout things he shouldnt. But what bout me? First time I got the full sight of Shug Avery long black body with it black plum nipples, look like her mouth, I thought I had turned into a man. What you staring at? she ast. Hateful. She weak as a kitten. But her mouth just pack with claws. You never seen a naked woman before?No maam, I said. I never did. Cept for Sofia, and she so plump and ruddy and crazy she feel like my sister. .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 , .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .postImageUrl , .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 , .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047:hover , .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047:visited , .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047:active { border:0!important; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047:active , .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047 .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2b88e0fe1bb0c643894404464cec5047:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipu EssayShe say, Well take a good look. Even if I is just a bag of bones now. She have the nerve to put one hand on her naked hip and bat her eyes at me. Then she suck her teef and roll her eyes at the ceiling while I wash her. I wash her body, it feel like Im praying. My hands tremble and my breath short. She say, You ever have any kids?I say, Yes maam. She say, How many and dont you yes maam me, I aint that old. In this passage Celie innocently looks at Shug, and she is excited by her naked body. At the same time she feels as though she is performing a sacred right when she is bathing Shug. This is shown when she admmits to God that she feels like she is praying. C.Dear Celie, the first letter say,Youve got to fight and get away from Albert. He aint no good. When I left you alls house, walking, he followed me on his horse. When we was well out of sight of the house he caught up with me ans started trying to talk. You know how he do, You sure looing fine, Miss Nettie, and stuff like that. I tried to ignore him and walk faster, but my bundles was heavy and the sun was hot. After while I had to rest, and thats when he got down from his horse and started to try to kiss me, and drag me back in the woods. Well, I started to fight him, and with Gods help, I hurt him bad enough to make him let me alone. But he was some mad. He said because of what Id done Id never hear from you again, and you never hear from me. I was so mad myself I was shaking. Anyhow, I got a ride into town on somebodys wagon. And that same somebody pointed me in the direction of the Reverend Mr.s place. And what was my surprise when a little girl opened the door and she had your eyes set in your face. love,NettieThis passage is the first letter that Celie recieves from her sister. She receives it well after it was written because just like he said he would, Albert never gave it to Celie. This is the first news shes had of Nettie in years, and now she finally knows what had happened to her and why she hasnt heard from her for so long. D.Dear God,Thats it, say Shug. Pack your stuff. You coming back to Tennessee with me. But I feels daze. My daddy lynch. My mama crazy. All my little half-brothers and sisters no kin to me. My children not my sister and brother. Pa not pa. You must be sleep. This passage is where Celie finds out the truth about many aspects of her life. She has been lied to on a number of occasions, and now things are finally being revealed. She learns that the man she has thought to be her father is acctually only her step-father; therefore, their children were not born out of incest. 7.The Color Purple is a story about growth, endurance, loyalty, and joy, all nurtured by the strength of love. There are many themes, some concern the relationship between males and females, the relationship between Africans and bkack Americans, and personal independence. Samuel and Nettie are perfect examples of the relationship between Africans and black Americans. They are good missionaries, but they dont have a place where they belong. They neither belong to the world of the Europeans or the traditional world of their ancestors in Africa. They belong only to God and to one another.

Facts on Mass Shootings in the US

Facts on Mass Shootings in the US On Oct. 1, 2017, the Las Vegas Strip became the site of the deadliest mass shooting in American history. A shooter murdered 59 people and injured 515, bringing the victim total to 574.  If it seems as if the problem of mass shootings in the U.S. is getting worse, thats because it is. Heres a look at the history of mass shootings to explain the historical and contemporary trends. Definition of Mass Shooting   First, its important to define this type of crime. A mass shooting is defined by the FBI as a public attack, distinct from gun crimes that happen within private homes, even when those crimes involve multiple victims, and from drug- or gang-related shootings. Historically, through 2012, a mass shooting also has been considered a shooting in which four or more people were shot. In 2013, a new federal law reduced the figure to three or more. The Frequency of Mass Shootings Increasing Every time a mass shooting occurs, a debate is spurred in the media about whether such shootings are happening more often than they used to. The debate is fueled by a misunderstanding of what mass shootings are. Some criminologists argue that they are not on the rise because they count them among all gun crime, a relatively stable figure year-over-year. However, considering mass shootings as defined by the FBI, the disturbing truth is that they are rising and have increased sharply since 2011. Analyzing data compiled by the Stanford Geospatial Center, sociologists Tristan Bridges and Tara Leigh Tober found that  mass shootings have progressively become more common since the 1960s. Through the late 1980s, there were no more than five mass shooting per year. Through the 1990s and 2000s, the rate fluctuated and occasionally climbed as high as 10 per year. Since 2011, the rate has skyrocketed, climbing first into the teens then peaking at 473 in 2016, with the year 2018 ending at a total of 323 mass shootings in the U.S. Number of Victims Rising Data from the Stanford Geospatial Center, analyzed by Bridges and Tober, shows that the number of victims is rising along with the frequency of mass shootings. The figures for deaths and injuries climbed from below 20 in the early 1980s to spike sporadically through the 1990s to 40 and 50-plus and reach regular shootings of more than 40 victims through the late 2000s and 2010s. Since the late 2000s, there have been 80-plus to 100 deaths and injuries in some mass shootings. Most Weapons Legally Obtained; Many Were Assault Weapons Mother Jones  reports  that of the mass shootings committed since 1982, 75 percent of the weapons used were obtained legally. Among those used,  assault weapons and semi-automatic handguns with high-capacity magazines  were common. Half of the weapons used in these crimes were semi-automatic handguns, while the rest were rifles, revolvers, and shotguns. Data on weapons used, compiled by the FBI, shows that if the failed Assault Weapons Ban of 2013 had been passed, the sale of 48 of these guns for civilian purposes would have been illegal. Uniquely American Problem Another debate that crops up in the media following a mass shooting is whether the U.S. is exceptional for the frequency at which mass shootings occur within its borders. Those who claim that it does not often point to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data which measures mass shootings per capita based on a countrys total population. Looked at this way, the data indicates that the U.S. ranks behind nations including Finland, Norway, and Switzerland. However, this data is based on populations so small and events so infrequent that its statistically invalid. Mathematician Charles Petzold explains on his blog why this is so, from a statistical standpoint, and further explains how the data can be useful. Instead of comparing the U.S. to other OECD nations, which have much smaller populations than the U.S. and most of which have had just one to three mass shootings in recent history, compare the U.S. to all other OECD nations combined. Doing so equalizes the scale of population and allows for a statistically valid comparison. This indicates that the U.S. has a mass shooting rate of 0.121 per million people, while all other OECD countries combined have a rate of just 0.025 per million people (with a combined population three times that of the U.S.). This means that the rate of mass shootings per capita in the U.S. is nearly five times that in all other OECD nations. This disparity is not surprising given that  Americans own nearly half of all civilian guns in the world. Mass Shooters Nearly Always Men Bridges and Tober found that of the mass shootings that have occurred since 1966, nearly all were committed by men. Just five of those incidents- 2.3 percent- involved a lone woman shooter. That means men were the perpetrators in nearly 98 percent of mass shootings. Connection Between Mass Shootings and Domestic Violence Between 2009 and 2015, 57 percent of mass shootings overlapped with domestic violence, in that the victims included a spouse, former spouse, or another family member of the perpetrator, according to an analysis of FBI data conducted by Everytown for Gun Safety. Additionally, nearly 20 percent of attackers had been charged with domestic violence.   Assault Weapons Ban Would Reduce Problem The Federal Assault Weapons Ban was in effect between 1994 and 2004. It outlawed the manufacture for civilian use of some semi-automatic firearms and large capacity magazines. It was prompted into action after 34 children and a teacher were shot in a schoolyard in Stockton, California, with a semi-automatic AK-47 rifle in 1989 and by the shooting of 14 people in 1993 in a San Francisco office building, in which the shooter used semi-automatic handguns equipped with a hellfire trigger, which makes a semi-automatic firearm fire at a rate approaching that of a fully automatic firearm. A study by The Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence published in 2004 found that in the five years prior to the bans implementation, assault weapons it outlawed accounted for nearly 5 percent of gun crime. During its period of enactment, that figure fell to 1.6 percent.  Data compiled by the Harvard School of Public Health and presented as a timeline of mass shootings shows that mass shootings have occurred with much greater frequency since the ban was lifted in 2004, and the victim count has risen steeply. Semi-automatic and high-capacity firearms are the weapons of choice for those who perpetrate mass shootings. As  Mother Jones  reports, more than half of all mass shooters possessed high-capacity magazines, assault weapons, or both. According to this data, a third of the weapons used in mass shootings since 1982 would have been outlawed by the failed Assault Weapons Ban of 2013.

Project -litterature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project -litterature review - Essay Example Epstein focused much of her work on homework practices and home-school education, including how parents can monitor and assist at home (Epstein, 1983). The literature review will describe the benefits of parental involvement in terms of achievement of their children at school. In this chapter I will look at successful programmes such as Every Child Matters and Sure Start, models of parental involvement, relations between staff and parents, preparation of children academically, parenting techniques and the link with achievement, and conclude with the summary. The involvement of parents has been effectively linked with children’s academic achievement throughout their time at school. The early years in school can be an exciting and emotional period for children and their parents in meeting the staff in school. Families, like teachers, create homes that promote learning, and reinforce what is being taught at school, and build the values and skills children need to become responsible adults (Henderson, 1995). Most children will take time to settle as it will be difficult to form new bonds of attachment with the staff. As for parents, it will give them the opportunities to talk, discuss many issues surrounding their children as well as to express their wishes and expectations. Abbott et al (1989) claim a parent has a positive interest in, and expectations of, the school which their child attends. To help children take this new experience in their stride, many schools including the school where I work now offer home visits to the families before the child starts school. This will help to build a sense of confidence and a chance to find out more about what to expect and how the school staff will deal with a child who needs time to settle in a new environment. The National Association of Head Teachers (1988), defining and describing a home-school contract of partnership states that this model

Perception of the power of language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perception of the power of language - Essay Example The power of language therefore depends on an individual’s perception which encompasses a collaboration of values, beliefs and experiences that person has encountered in one’s life. In this regard, the essay aims to proffer one’s personal perception of the power of language. By initially providing a definition of the term language, one would eventually delve into the role that language played in life. UniXL, an education and career information portal, defines language as â€Å"a system of communicating with other people using sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought. This language can be used in many forms, primarily through oral and written communications as well as using expressions through body language† (UniXL, par. 2). When differentiated with communication, per se, tool of verbal communication using words to express the message being relayed. Communication, per se, is defined as â€Å"â€Å"process of transmitting thoughts, feelings, facts, and other information† through verbal or non-verbal means (Delaune and Ladner. 475). Verbal messages are messages communicated with the use of words and language. These messages can either be spoken or written. Non verbal communication, on the other hand, is the process of transmitting messages without words, that is, through body language (Delaune and Ladner, 480). Mead (1934) averred that â€Å"language makes it possible to replace behavior with ideas. Non verbal communication in conjunction with social interaction assisted in the development of the human potentials of language† (87). Language for me has been recognized as a crucial tool to facilitate understanding. Aside from one’s native tongue, it has been inculcated that English, as the international language understood by majority of people around the world, should be embraced as a second language where skills must be honed, both in communication and in writing. Teachers in primary

McDonalds wishes to rework on its restaurant interiors Essay Example for Free

McDonalds wishes to rework on its restaurant interiors Essay McDonalds is the worlds leading global foodservice retailer with more than 33,000 locations in 118 countries. McDonald’s has several company owned stores, but uses Franchising for both domestic and international expansion. McDonalds India was set up as a 50:50 joint-venture between McDonalds at a global level and regional Indian partners such as Hardcastle Restaurants Private Limited in western India, and Connaught Plaza Restaurants Private Limited in northern India. McDonald’s currently has over 220 restaurants in the country. McDonalds doesn’t provide any financial assistance and absentee ownership of finance is not allowed. Also, the financial requirements are quite steep. MFY- for implementing the MFY (Made for You) option for customers, the franchises are required to upgrade their equipment at their own expense. This caused some problem with maintaining standard service across all outlets. Pricing and menu may also be a point of difficulty for the franchiser and franchisee as prices vary between companies owned and franchised stores. Inconsistent standards- There are several instances of poor service or disgruntled customers complaining about the quality of food served. This is because it is difficult to enforce the exact same standards in all franchised stores. McDonald’s aims to provide 100 percent total customer satisfaction. In order to achieve this goal , McDonald’s relies on its operating philosophy based on QSC V – Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value. McDonald’s believes that customer satisfaction is crucial to the success of the brand and all Restaurants must perform to the standards. These standards are used in both company owned and franchised restaurants. QUALITY Best ingredients: This is achieved by its commitment to sourcing all its requirements from local farmers and suppliers. Before entering India, the company spent six years and Rs. 450 crore toset up its supply chain. In India McDonalds pioneered the cold chain management which helpskeep vegetables and processed products safe for a longer time. Preparation Standards: Best quality standardized ingredients ensure standardized preparation standards can be followed. Every product has a fixed procedure of preparation. However, newer McDonald’s stores offer MFY (Made for You) where the product is made only after the order is placed. Other standards: * FIFO: (First in first out) for all inventories. * Reverse osmosis water treatment plant: Best technology for water purification at every outlet to provide water. Strict standards for vegetarian products including eggless mayonnaise and eggless ice-cream. SERVICE * Soft standards: * Welcome every customer with a smile and are genuinely friendly at all times * Deliver consistent standards of hospitality Seize opportunities to interact with customers in a personal and positive way * Be well informed about product contents and nutritional information * Always appear clean and well groomed. * Hard standards: * Serve fresh and hot * Serve within one minute of receiving order or give a free coke. This is implemented in a few outlets and is not applicable during peak hours. * Cleanliness and Hygiene * The counters, tables, floor area are to be kept clean at all times. * All staff required to cover their heads and wear gloves when within preparation area. * All these standards are evaluated by mystery shoppers and rated. This is called a RVR Restaurant Visitation Report) which provides a snapshot of the stores performance over a period of a few hours. The stores are graded either A, B, C or F. Facility Exterior: Exterior Design: McDonalds design exhibits a sense of â€Å"Forever Young† look with bright red and yellow colours appealing to the children and establishing its family restaurant positioning. The building provides a practical, contemporary design that aligns with the McDonalds brand essence while accommodating the latest operational and consumer experience standards. Their mascot Ronald Mcdonald is also present outside each of their restaurants. McDonalds always have all glass restaurants. McDonalds has always clearly identified and managed the various clues that customers use to form the impressions and feeling about their company. In addition to this, McDonalds has separate take away counters in order to save time of their patrons. Signage: All of McDonalds external signage reads as, â€Å"McDonalds-Family restaurant. Also keeping in mind with the local language, all McDonalds restaurant have their name boards in Hindi. McDonalds strongly believes in adhering to the local sentiments and hence none of the outlets in India sell Beef products and every restaurant has this mentioned. Also McDonalds, strongly believes in glass branding for any new products or services they offer. Most of the communication is designed to cater to local tastes and preferences. Parking/Landscape/Surrounding Environment: All McDonald outlets are located are accessible and present everywhere thus capitalizing on brand recognition. Most of the McDonalds have their own restaurants and hence the seating space available is exclusive to McDonald’s patrons. Also McDonalds offers proper parking facilities for its highway restaurants. Facility Interior All McDonalds outlet are standardized in terms of layout and have proper in-store branding. The â€Å"Young and Cheerful† design concept is a progressive, youthful, and energetic environment with open views for social interaction. All McDonald outlets are huge with proper aisles and passages with appropriate signage for seating arena, lavatories, wet floor and food counters. McDonalds has a Made for You food preparation platform.MFY is a unique concept (cooking method) where the food is prepared as the customer places its order. This cooking method has helped McDonald’s further strengthen its food safety, hygiene and quality standards. McDonalds also has illuminated Menu boards that offer a mix of both vegetarian and non vegetarian burgers along with other savories and drinks. McDonalds also has proper queues for placing order and often there is a executive who assists you in order placing. Also McDonalds gives toys for children thus making them wanting to come back. The other visible cues are color, lighting, in-store music, employee uniforms and trays with literary. McDonalds has ample in store lighting and directly inï ¬â€šuences an individual’s perception of the deï ¬ nition and quality of the space, inï ¬â€šuencing his or her awareness of physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual aspects of the space. The bright McDonald stores ensure prompt handling and evaluation of products. In all McDonald stores the lighting is perceived as more pleasant than other fast food environments. The color scheme that McDonalds uses exhumes cheerfulness and warmth. Red depicts vibrance, cheerfulness while yellow depicts friendliness and brightness. At McDonalds, music is a positive auditory cue stimulating specific consumer behaviour and emotions. Music appears to influence buyer-seller interaction. There is audio played about the latest offers and products. Also a balance and constant sound creates a pleasant sound environment. All employees at McDonald are provided with uniforms and name badges along with caps with McDonald signature â€Å"M† arch. Employees are also trained with appropriate soft skills to address customers. Every employee or front line executive greets the customer and exchanges pleasantries, which makes them happy. Service quality gap: The five gaps that organizations should measure manage and minimize: Gap 1 (Listening gap) is the distance between what customers expect and what managers think they expect Clearly survey research is a key way to narrow this gap. Gap 2 (standard and specification gap) is between management perception and the actual specification of the customer experience Managers need to make sure the organization is defining the level of service they believe is needed. 29 Gap 3 (performance gap)is from the experience specification to the delivery of the experience -Managers need to audit the customer experience that their organization currently delivers in order to make sure it lives up to the specification Gap 4 (communication gap) is the gap between the delivery of the customer experience and what is communicated to customers All too often organizations exaggerate what will be provided to customers, or discuss the best case rather than the likely case, raising customer expectations and harming customer perceptions Gap 5 is the gap between a customers perception of the experience and the customers expectation of the service Customers expectations have been shaped by word of mouth, their personal needs and their own past experiences. Routine transactional surveys after delivering the customer experience are important for an organization to measure customer perceptions of service Service Quality dimensions Tangibles : Physical evidence of service Reliability : Consistency of performance and dependability Responsiveness : Willingness/readiness of employees to provide service in timely manner Credibility : Trustworthiness, believability, honesty Security : Freedom from danger, risk, doubt, assurance guarantee, Certification Competence : Possession of required skills to perform service Access : Approachability and ease of contact Empathy Courtesy : Politeness, respect, consideration, friendliness Values: They place customer experience at the core of all they do: They believe customers are the reason for their existence. They demonstrate their appreciation by providing them with high quality food and superior service in a clean, welcoming environment, at a great value. Their goal is quality, service, cleanliness and value (QSCV) for each and every customer, each and every time. They are committed to their people. They provide opportunity, nurture talent, develop leaders and reward achievement. They believe that a team of well-trained individuals with diverse backgrounds and experiences, working together in an environment that fosters respect and drives high levels of engagement, is essential to their continued success. They believe in the McDonald’s System. McDonald’s business model, depicted by their â€Å"three-legged stool† of owner/operators, suppliers, and company employees, is their foundation, and balancing the interests of all three groups is the key. They operate their business ethically. Sound ethics is good business. At McDonald’s, they hold themselves and conduct their business to high standards of fairness, honesty, and integrity. They are individually accountable and collectively responsible. They give back to their communities. They take seriously the responsibilities that come with being a leader. They help their customers in building better communities, support Ronald McDonald House Charities, and leverage their size, scope and resources to help make the world a better place. They grow their business profitably. McDonald’s is a publicly traded company. As such, they work to provide sustained profitable growth for their shareholders. This requires continuous focus on their customers and the health of their system. They strive continually to improve. They are a learning organization that aims to anticipate and respond to changing customer, employee and system needs through constant evolution and innovation. McDonald’s is committed to providing the highest quality food and superior service, at a great value, in a clean and welcoming environment. That’s why we work with their employees, franchisees, and suppliers to serve a balanced array of food choices and provide the nutrition informa tion needed for customers to make sound decisions. At the restaurant level, McDonald’s is focused on energy conservation, sustainable packaging, and waste management. They are dedicated to innovate and improve their operations in order to build an even more sustainable, environment friendly and profitable business. And will continue to re optimize their menu, modernize the customer experience, and broaden accessibility to their brand, so that consumers will always enjoy the maximum McDonald’s experience. Service Blueprint: Loopholes in service operations: A research report released Thursday by Dunnhumby, highlighted by The Wall Street Journal, elucidates that in reality the customer eating experience is becoming more and more important to consumers. With so many fast-food options available, they make their decisions based on loyalty — and a significant portion of this support is garnered through a chain’s friendly customer service and good eating experience. It is without doubt that McDonald’s is still winning over Americans with its cheap Dollar Menu offerings and convenient drive thru service. But its poor customer-service scores are ultimately hurting its sales– a certainty supported by the Dunnhumby report that demonstrates that restaurants with higher customer-service scores tend to show higher comparable sales growth over a two-year period. Thus, if the world’s largest restaurant chain wants to maintain its edge over competitors, it must not only focus on price and promotions, but also the expe rience it offers to customers every day. And McDonald’s executives agree. The Wall Street Journal explains that in a webcast these executives held with franchise owners in March, they called its service â€Å"broken.† The number of customer complaints related to friendliness issues have only increased, and complaints about speed of service also â€Å"have increased significantly over the past six months.† Is it then perhaps possible that customers are becoming more accustomed to the friendly service and loyalty rewards they receive at other growing chains like and then less tolerating of the subpar services they encounter at other fast food chains? With respect to the services provided by McDonalds, the following management issues were observed McDonalds wishes to rework on its restaurant interiors and match up to those of its self owned restaurants, However the problem that they have encountered is that franchisee owners are unwilling to invest in interior design. McDonald’s has introduced MFY (Made for You) whereby the burgers are made after the order is placed. However, the franchises are required to upgrade their equipment in order to follow this. The franchisees are not willing to incur such expenditure which poses a problem to McDonald’s. We normally observe the customary trend of people queuing outside McDonalds especially during the weekends. This is due to the limited capacity space in the restaurants. This has been a persistent management problem for McDonalds. Even though the management at McDonalds has been trying to search for a solution for the same, it fears doing so pertaining to cost issues.

Capital Punishment Must Be Abolished Essay -- Capital Punishment, Deat

The death penalty is not the most effective form of punishment for criminals. The death penalty is hypocritical; it condemns killing by killing people. Many supporters of capital punishment cite retribution as being a justification for the death penalty; however, no matter what the circumstance, murder is never justified. Ghandi once said â€Å"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.† Two wrongs can never make a right. Capital punishment should be abolished because while even though many supporters of the death penalty claim that it prevents crime, there is no evidence that it has been proven to do so. Also, many people support the death penalty because it prevents criminals from ever being allowed back on the streets to commit further crimes. The death penalty is a preferred method of punishment because it is permanent; however, it should be avoided because it is permanent. There is too much of a possibility that an innocent person could be executed for a crime that th ey did not commit. An execution cannot be undone. Studies have also shown that the death penalty is a biased method of punishment because disadvantaged people, such as minorities and people of lower social status are more likely to be executed. This is unfair because all people have the same rights and should receive equal and fair punishment for their crimes. An alternative punishment to the death penalty is life without parole; it is just as effective a way to prevent someone committing more crimes as executing them. Supporters of the death penalty also argue that it is cheaper to execute a criminal than it is to keep them in prison for life. However, statistics have shown that the cost of putting a criminal to death, including all of the time and money spent in... ....deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-about-deterrence-and-death-penalty>. Lowe, Wesley. â€Å"Pro Capital Punishment Page.† Pro Capital Punishment Page. 22 July 2009. Web. 02 Jan. 2015. . Ornellas, Lori. â€Å"Death Penalty Arguments.† Pro-death penalty.com. 03 May 2001. Web. 09 Jan. 2015. . Reggio, Michael H. â€Å"History of the death penalty.† PBS. Web. 5 Jan. 2015. . â€Å"Should the death penalty be used for retribution?† Death Penalty - ProCon.org. 06 Jan. 2009. Web. 09 Jan. 2015. . Worsnop, Richard L. â€Å"Death Penalty Debate.† CQ Researcher 5.9 (1995): 193-216. CQ Researcher. Web. 2 Jan. 2015. .

F&B Revenue Management

INSTITUTE OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT, AURANGABAD Synopsis – Food and Beverage Revenue Management: Implementation at „The Westin Hyderabad Mindspace? Kussh Raathi (H – 16045) â€Å"Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirement for B. A. (Hons) in Hotel Management† THE UNIVERSITY OF HUDDERSFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM July 2010 food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 DISCLAIMER This is an academic endeavour does not necessarily reflect the view of IHM – A and/or hotel chains discussed herein and are not binding on the Institute and/or the companies in any manner.This report is the intellectual property of the author and/or IHM – A and the same or any part thereof may not be used in any manner whatsoever, without express permission of the author in writing. The assignment does not aim to reveal any information confidential to the hotel companies discussed. No one provided significant profession al or personal review assistance to the person signing this disclaimer and report. This is all authors‘ work and does not necessarily represent the views of either IHM – A, India, or University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom, or any other party.Kussh Raathi (Year 3, H – 16045, Hotel Management, Institute of Hotel Management – Aurangabad) July 31, 2010 raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 2 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT As the author sums up the draft of this assignment, he reminisces appreciatively the contribution and extends his heartfelt gratitude to the following persons lacking whose support and help, this report could not have taken its present form: Mr.Anand Iyengar, Understudy Project Mentor and Academic Registrar, Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad (IHM–A), for providing me with the opportunity to work on an interes ting project like this, for his continuous support, feedback and guidance. A special thanks to Mr. Rahul Upmanyu, Revenue Manager, The Westin Hyderabad Mindspace, who is the most responsible for helping me in the compilation of this project report as well as the challenging research that lies behind it. Without his encouragement and constant guidance, I could not have finished this report.He was always there to meet and talk about my ideas, to proofread and mark up my papers and chapters, and to ask me good questions to help me think through my problems (whether philosophical, analytical or computational). Sincere thanks to the entire executive committee at The Westin Hyderabad Mindspace for their unconditional support, encouragement and guidance. Kussh Raathi July 31, 2010 raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 3 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ uly 2010 ABSTRACT / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose â₠¬â€œ This paper aims to suggest the efficacy of revenue-management levers to improve a restaurants‘ revenue through process control for customer profitability through literature review and Seasonal Tastes as an excellent study site in south-India‘s largest luxury hotel. Design / methodology / approach – The research finds its basing upon a popular/busy coffee shop called Seasonal Tastes at The Westin Hyderabad Mindspace, Andhra Pradesh, India.The study presents the state-of-the-art of the literature review related to restaurant revenue management and a case study of a restaurant with high operational complexity and an extensive customer product and commercial service line. The literature review demonstrates the few empirical studies that have actually addressed the application of revenue management systems in the food and beverage industry. Much of this section comes from the article by Kimes, S. (2004). Findings – Seeking to augment revenue and also to imp rove customer service, the restaurant analyzed its operations and customers‘ characteristics.It found that its table-mix (mostly 6tops) was inappropriate for its customer base (mostly singletons, couples and groups of three/four). It also found that it could tighten up its post-meal procedures, particularly those involving settlement. The findings of the study show that the measurement of cost-to-serve provides specific and detailed customer information that enables a more comprehensive customer profitability analysis than the classical paradigm. Research limitations/implications – The result would lead to an increase in revenue (from higher occupancy) that paid for the increased capital costs in one year.The revenue improvement in this instance was to guests‘ advantage, since menu prices were not changed as part of this revenue management implementation. Originality/value – The paper includes a comprehensive review of literature and the empirical case stud ies by Kimes (2004), Thompson (2009, 2003, 2002), Kimes et al (2007), offers additional insights in food and beverage revenue management and analysis. Paper type – Research Project raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 4 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ uly 2010 1. Introduction C efficiency. ross (1997), defines the concept as, ? the art and science of predicting real-time customer demand at the micro-market level and optimizing the price and availability of products‘. Conceptually, revenue management is a micro-economic concept about how to manage the relationship between supply and demand to maximize revenue potential. Simplified it means – selling the right product to the right customer at the right time for the right price on the right distribution channel with the best commission Revenue Management ReviewThe era has ended when revenue management can stand alone as a tact ical approach to rooms management, with technological and management support, revenue management must be and is being integrated into all aspects of hotel management marketing and operating strategies. Going beyond its role of managing room inventory, revenue management will consider total revenue contributions, including group business and its ancillary revenues. Because prices are essentially transparent, hotels will need to consider customer price elasticity and not simply match competitors‘ prices, with a goal of ptimizing prices. Beyond that, revenue management can be used to manage all of the hotel‘s revenue streams, in part by considering the interaction of room sales and food and beverage sales. While revenue per available room (RevPAR) has been a good measure of performance, a revenue generation index, which compares competitors‘ RevPARs, is even more useful. Even more sophisticated is a revenue opportunity model, which monitors the effectiveness of invent ory controls and analyzes the effects of revenue management decisions.Perhaps most promising is a customer-focused approach that tracks customers‘ purchases and targets promotions based on an understanding of customers‘ responses to prior offers. Hotels can benefit by increasing revenues and profitability through revenue management by optimally matching demand to available supply (rooms) to accommodate the most profitable mix of customers at each property. In the lodging industry, revenue management is the process of selectively accepting and rejecting customers by rate, length of stay and arrival date to maximise revenues.The process of revenue management generates incremental revenues (Kimes 1999; Cross 1997). raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 5 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 2. Theoretical Framework / Literature Review From its origin in the airline industry nearly sixty years ago, revenue management has expanded to other hospitality industries, notably lodging and rental cars. More recently, ? nontraditional? ervice industries, such as restaurants, golf courses, and casinos, have begun to adapt and apply revenue management principles. Need for a holistic approach towards RM Revenue management of hotel inventory has long been the practice for hoteliers worldwide, both large and small, chain and independent. Hotel operators understand and accept the need to forecast customer demand at some level of detail and recommend product availability conditions that will deliver the maximum revenue based on that demand.However, for the most part, traditional hotel revenue management is focused purely on maximizing sleeping room revenue with no regard for any other revenue associated with the hotel guest. Many companies are now realizing that there is a strong need to adopt a more holistic approach to revenue management across the enterprise. This involve s two distinct components. First, there is a need to capture and track all revenue associated with hotel guests in order to segment customers more discretely based on their value—this can come from food and beverage, spa, event venues or, in the case of a casino/hotel, gaming.Second, and equally important, operators need to begin to apply the same principles of revenue management employed at the hotel to each discrete revenue source—there has been a strong push for revenue management in restaurants, spas, event venues and even on the casino floor. (HSMAI Article, published on March 10, 2010) While many hotel companies have implemented loyalty programs, the real opportunity lies in the ability to capture data about the customer beyond the hotel in order to truly capture the guest‘s profitability, not the room revenue generated.There has been a lot of altercation lately about the move from REVPAR to GOPPAR, TOTALPAR or some other such acronym; this is where those c ompanies who practice Total Hotel Revenue Management will win, in realizing it is not about the room, it is all about the guest. raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 6 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 Restaurant Revenue Management (RRM) Revenue-management tools can be used by restaurant managers to analyze the ffects of process-control changes. A dinner house seeking to shift demand and to achieve greater facility utilization during busy times analyzed the factors that caused delays in the service process—and thus increased the guest queue. Although the restaurant was able to hasten the actual dining time, much of the slack was found in the processes that occurred before and after the actual dining period. Moreover, the restaurant managers were able to analyze customer-arrival and market-mix data in relation to the restaurant‘s table mix.Seat occupancy was improved by mat ching the table arrangement to the customer mix, and table turns were increased by improving the kitchen operations so that front-of-the-house functions could be tightened up. In particular, end-of-meal steps were speeded up. As a result of its process improvements, the restaurant enjoyed revenue growth greater than that of comparable restaurants. (Bertsimas and Shioda, 2003) The challenge of a floor manager is to decide when and where to seat each arriving customer.If there are only tables of four available and a party of two enters, does he seat the party at the larger table or reserve it for a larger, more revenue-producing party? In addition, if the restaurant takes reservations, he needs to further decide how to seat walk-in customers so that they would not take tables away from the reservation customers while considering the possibility of no-shows. These are important practical issues for restaurant managers, where in some cases a good floor manager can make the difference of couple of hundred dollars per night (Kimes, 1999).Thus, a tool that can help floor managers better make these decisions would be of significant value to a restaurant. Genesis / Background Nestled amidst the emerging central business district of Cyberabad-Madhapur, the fastest growing commercial destination of Hyderabad, also known as the ? new Silicon Valley of India? , The Westin Hyderabad Mindspace (TWHM) identifies myriad possible aspects that can offer a sense of wellness to business travellers when they stay at the hotel. The author captures the unique ? wellness‘ service approach that the hotel has on offer. The 428-room property is the largest one in Hyderabad.Opened in December 2009, the property managed an average occupancy of 50 per cent until March end. The revenue share raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 7 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 of the hotel is 70:30 for room/F&B and banquet/conferences, respectively. Effectively, it is being positioned as the benchmark that the brand wants to set in India and that it is known for internationally. Nancy London, Vice President – Global Brand Leader, Westin, explains, â€Å"The idea is to preserve wellness in travel.Customers from various facets could derive this wellness factor where they interact in our hotel as our guest. So, each and every aspect has to offer that very essence of wellness that Westin stands for. † 3. Approach / Methodology: A Case Restaurant operators can manipulate two main strategic levers to manage revenue: price and meal duration. Price is a fairly obvious target for manipulation, and many operators already offer price-related promotions to augment or shift peak-period demand (e. g. , early bird specials, special menu promotions).More-sophisticated manipulations of price include daypart pricing, day-of-week pricing, and price premiums or discounts based on party or table size. Managing meal duration (i. e. , speeding table turns) is a bit more complicated, as discussed ahead. For example, meal duration depends in part on the efficiency of the restaurant‘s service cycle, as well as on the foible of customer arrival patterns and diners‘ deciding to linger (or not) after the meal. However, as explained further, duration control has great potential in a revenue-management strategy.To develop an RRM program, managers should (1) establish the baseline of performance, (2) understand the drivers of that performance, (3) develop a revenue management strategy, (4) implement that strategy, and (5) monitor the strategy‘s outcomes. This paper discusses and illustrates how to establish the baseline and understand its drivers, and how to develop a revenue-management strategy. The article starts off with a brief introduction to revenue management, followed by a description of the restaurant that provided data for this study. In so oing, the author analyzes the restaurant‘s baseline performance, including seat occupancy, revenue per available seat hour (RevPASH), party size/mix, and dining duration. The author also analyzes/examines the possible causes of performance. After reviewing the revenue management strategies for duration control the author talks about how managers could implement those strategies. The article concludes with an evaluation of the said restaurant‘s revenue-management strategy and recommendations for how other restaurateurs can implement revenue management. raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 8 of 16 understudy project ood & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 With all the data that are collected by the POS software, a revenue-maximizing seating policy can be utilized. The present paper stems from the belief that restaurants can increase their revenue by optimizing their nesting decisions, i. e. , when to save tables in anticipation for larger parties, even when there are smaller parties currently in queue. To control duration, managers can use either internal means (i. e. , those that do not involve customers) or external means (that do involve customers).The chief internal duration-control methods involve regulating and redesigning service processes (including speeding up service to promote customer turnover and providing an optimal table mix), forecasting customer arrivals (i. e. , forecasting the timing and party-size mix of arriving customers), and implementing inventory controls (usually through overbooking, if a restaurant takes reservations). External methods include booking fees or guarantees (e. g. , having guests guarantee reservations on a credit card) and such behavioural approaches as restricting the length of time that customers can use the table.Not surprisingly, most firms have chosen to manage duration internally, so as not to risk dissatisfied customers. The Study Site As part of the research the author developed an RRM system for an extensive, casual coffee shop in Mindspace, Hyderabad. Seasonal Tastes, a 208-seat restaurant, serves regional Indian and international favourites, and also features a live show kitchen concept that has Chefs actually interacting with guests while serving. The oriental theme show kitchen here takes authenticity to new heights while the centre piece bread oven bakes freshness into every slice. Its average check is approximately $18 (INR 840/-).The Japanese Sushi counter, the cold plate dessert counter, the SuperFoodsTM offering for breakfast and the Spa cuisine make the a-la-carte options here as appetizing, the roasted beef and goat cheese gateaux, the fishand-chips, the roasted lamb chops and the mango cheese cake are signature dishes. The restaurant is open 24 x 7 and has a manager always on duty. The next section describes the type of data and analysis necessary to establish a baseline, the tools that can be used to under stand actual service-cycle performance and operational tactics that are part of a revenue-management strategy.The researcher uses his experience at Seasonal Tastes to illustrate the discussion. raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 9 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 4. The Five-step Revenue Management Approach The managers and the author used the five-step process explained here to develop a revenue management strategy for the restaurant. Rather than attempt price-related promotions, the focus was on internal revenue management, specifically related to the duration of the dining experience.Although the data presented here are specific to Seasonal Tastes, the process and analyses described can be applied to any restaurant. Step 1: Establish a Baseline The first step in the process was to establish the restaurant‘s baseline performance. Baseline statistics were drawn from five sets of four-week periods of point-of-sale (POS) data and detailed time studies over the same time-frame. Using these data, an analysis of average check per person, RevPASH, seat occupancy, meal duration (from both the POS data and the time studies), and the party-size mix by day of week and hour of day was done.The POS data showed that the average check per person for the 208-seat main dining room was approximately near about INR 840/- (refer Exhibit D). Calculated by day of week and hour of day, average check ranged from INR 505/- at breakfast to INR 1,324/- at brunches on Sundays (Considering only the main meal periods, viz. Breakfast, lunch and dinner). The highest check averages occurred on Friday and Sunday afternoons, while the lowest checks occurred for lunch on Wednesdays. (Since breakfast is a part of the room plan its APC generally remains the lowest) RevPASH provides a good estimate of seat occupancy combined with the average check.This statistic is useful in two ways, the f irst being the important matter of how much revenue the restaurant is realizing in each time period. RevPASH was calculated by first determining the total hourly revenue from the main dining room for each day of the week and then dividing the hourly revenue by the 208 covers, as shown in Exhibit E. RevPASH ranged from INR 207/- on Mondays at Breakfast to INR 3,208/- on Fridays at Lunch. The highest RevPASH of INR 5,959/- was recorded on Sundays between 11:00 to 16:00 hours and on Fridays from noon to 15:00 hours.The lowest RevPASH was experienced mid-week postbreakfast, before noon and late-night. raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 10 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 SEASONAL TASTES? BASELINE The first thing done to determine the baseline at ? Seasonal Tastes‘ was collection of data from the POS system. The resulting data were analyzed to develop hourly arrival rates, meal tim es, and RevPASH. All results presented in this paper are from January 2010 – May 2010.The data was extracted on the date, the check number, the transaction time, the party size, and the transaction amount. Each party at the restaurant usually had multiple transactions for their meal-including when the check was opened, when orders were entered, and when the check was closed. (In a few cases there were just two transactions: when the check was opened with the entire order and when it was closed at the end of the meal. Any voided checks were excluded from the study. ) The usable data was then transferred to Microsoft Excel, where the multiple transactions were condensed into a single record for each party.Each record contained information on the date, the check number, the starting time, the closing time, the party size, and the check amount for each party. Data analysis to find the number of hourly arrivals, the mean and standard deviation of meal duration, and the hourly RevP ASH was performed using Microsoft Excel. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS It was not at all surprising to find that Sunday brunches and Wednesday – Thursday nights were busy and profitable, but the low RevPASH and head counts that we recorded for the other nights and all lunch periods were unexpected.The average meal time of almost an hour and a quarter seemed right, but we were alarmed at the high standard deviation of the meal time. Armed with this knowledge and the results of the time study, the author decided to proceed to the next step and study the possible causes of the aforesaid findings. Step 2: Understand the Causes A variety of tools can be used to help managers understand the underlying causes behind operational problems, including service blueprints, process analysis, and fishbone diagrams. Those techniques are fairly simple to implement and have been widely used in total-qualitymanagement programs.Service blueprints can be used to graphically illustrate a service process. Th e steps in the process are mapped and the connections between steps are identified. One of the key strengths of the service blueprint is the identification of potential delays and failure points. raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 11 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 THE CAUSES AT SEASONAL TASTES A blueprint for Seasonal Tastes was developed so as to identify potential sources of failure.It was noticed that the biggest problem at Seasonal Tastes was the length and variability of dining time. Reducing the mean dining time would be difficult without first reducing the standard deviation of the meal time. The consensus reached upon was that if variation could be reduced, the average meal time could also be reduced. Possible Causes Low seat occupancy Equipment Table mix Methods Personnel Customers Hard to find Reneging Materials Wait list Meal duration and variation Point-of-sale termina ls Credit-card authorization Service stations Restaurant layoutBussing Training Hosting Number Communication Commitment Compensation Management Hosting Training Seating Greeting Food and beverage delivery Cooking Check processing Pre-bussing Check drop Check pick-up Check processing Folder drop Management Pre-bussing Communication Hosting Number Commitment Compensation Management Choose to linger Unsure how to behave Party size Trays Payment and Credit-card folders departure authorization Point of sale terminal Training Number Commitment Compensation Training Number Commitment Compensation ManagementChoose to linger Unsure how to behave Uncomfortable Check folders Bussing Folder pick-up Stacking space Service Stations Bucket, trays Cleaning supplies New place settings The Problem: High standard deviation of meal duration Figure K: Possible Causes of Poor Performance at Seasonal Tastes raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 12 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 Step 3: Developing a Revenue-management Strategy The busy (hot) and slow (cold) periods by day of week and meal-period were first identified.Hot periods were defined as times when guests were waiting to be seated, and the remaining periods were cold. The restaurant had ten hot hours per week, which became the focus of the revenue management program. The two major goals were to reduce dining duration by ten minutes and to increase seat occupancy by 10 percent during the hot periods. An ancillary goal was to reduce the standard deviation of total dining time by 30 percent. It was expected by these changes to increase revenue by at least 5 percent during the ten hot hours, as explained further.The goal of increased seat occupancy could be achieved by attracting more customers, providing a better table mix so more customers could be accommodated, and reducing the dining duration so more customers could be served. The restaurant already had excess demand on Sunday Brunches and Friday Lunches (as indicated by the waiting lines). More worrisome, because the restaurant‘s current table mix and dining duration would not allow the restaurant to serve additional customers, the manager‘s focus was on improving the table mix and reducing dining duration.THE FIVE PERCENT (5 %) SOLUTION To assess the revenue effects of increased occupancy and decreased dining duration, we first calculated the annual revenue for the hot periods. To review, during the ten hot hours each week, the main dining room had an average seat occupancy of 63 percent, an average check of $18 (INR 840/- approx. ), and an average dining time of seventy-five minutes. Annual sales for the restaurant in January – May 2010 totalled (INR 20,699,517/-). The restaurant took in about one-fourth (INR 5,000,000/- approx. ) of its monthly revenue during its ten hot hours.If hot seat occupancy increased from 50 percent to 60 pe rcent, even if dining duration remained the same, monthly revenue would potentially increase by 7. 3 percent (INR 1,511,065/-). Beyond that, if dining duration could be decreased from seventy-five minutes to sixty-five minutes, even if seat occupancy remained the same, the annual revenue potential would increase by 3. 8 percent (INR 786,582/-). If both factors could be changed (i. e. , seat occupancy increased and dining duration decreased at the same time), the annual revenue potential would increase by 11. 9 percent (INR 2,463,243/-).Even if only half of the revenue raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 13 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 potential could be achieved, the restaurant could nevertheless achieve better than a 5 percent increase in annual revenue. Step 4: Possible / Probable Implementation Once the strategy was developed, the hard work of implementation begins. In keeping with the strategy, implementation should focus on training staff, convalescing table mix and on improving the efficiency of service delivery.TABLE MIX An optimal table mix, one that matches party-size mix as closely as possible, would allow this restaurant to serve an increased number of customers with no increase in the number of seats, thereby boosting seat occupancy during busy periods. UNCERTAINTY OF DURATION A restaurant who has dealt with the arrival-time issue must be able to predict meal-length, because this controls the number of tables available. With this information, restaurants can decide which reservation requests to accept, and restaurants with a large walk-in trade will be better able to provide accurate estimates of waiting time for guests in the queue.In addition, a reduction in meal duration during busy periods can increase seat occupancy and table turnover and thus can lead to increased revenue. As stated at the outset, one of the difficulties of implementing re venue management in restaurants is the fact that their explicit unit of sale is a meal (or an event) rather than an amount of time, although one can also argue that the true measure of the restaurant‘s product is time. While the likely length of a meal can be estimated, its actual duration is not firmly set. Reduced dining times can have considerable revenue potential during high-demand periods.Here, Seasonal Tastes, a restaurant with 208 covers, an approx. $20 average check, an average one-hour twenty minutes dining time, and a busy period of three hours per day. During busy periods, defined as those when customers are waiting for a table, a decrease in dining time can increase the number of customers served and the associated revenue. Under the example, the restaurant could theoretically serve approximately 400 covers during its three-hour busy time, assuming all 208 covers were occupied two times for exactly eighty minutes each time.That would result in revenue of $8000. If the average dining time could be raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 14 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 reduced to 50 minutes, the potential number of customers served would increase to 750, and the potential revenue would increase to $15,000, an increase of 18%. The question of how customers would react to such changes, however, causes restaurant operators to approach time decreases with caution. Step 5: Monitor OutcomesAs with much business practice, the success of revenue management cannot be assessed without measuring changes. After establishing the baseline and implementing revenue management, operators must develop a system to measure financial, operational, and customer-satisfaction performance. 5. Summary and Conclusion By implementing revenue management tactics, Seasonal Tastes, would be able to increase revenue by approximately 5 percent. The improved table-mix, the chang es in the service delivery, and the improved training led to the improvement in the restaurant‘s performance.Seat occupancy and RevPASH would increase, at the same time leading to a decrease in dining duration and variability, and thus an increase in revenue. Other restaurant could realize similar results by carefully analyzing their current performance, determining the causes of that performance, and developing appropriate strategies to improve it. Changes in table-mix and problematic service-delivery processes hold particular promise, but only with proper implementation that emphasizes training, employee buy-in, and enhanced management. 6. References o o o Anderson, C. and Xie, X. (2010), ?Improving hospitality industry sales: twenty-five years of revenue management? , Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, Vol. : 51, No. : 1, pg. : 53 – 69 Bertsimas, D. and Shioda, R. (2003), ? Restaurant revenue management? , Operations Research, Vo. : 51, No. : 3, pp. : 472 – 486 Bh ar, S. (2010), ? Creating a culture of wellness? , Express Hospitality, June 15 – 30, 2010 Issue, Section: Spotlight, Management Article, online available at: raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 15 of 16 understudy project food & beverage revenue management: implementation at ‘the westin hyderabad mindspace’ july 2010 etrieved on June 16, 2010 at 11:15 hours o o Cross, R. (1997), ? Revenue Management? , London: Broadway Books HSMAI Online article, Anon. (2010), ? The need for a more holistic approach to revenue management? , published on March 10, 2010, available at retrieved on June 12, 2010 at 11:01 hours o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Hwang, J. (2008) ? Restaurant table management to reduce customer waiting times? , Journal of Foodservice Business Research, Vol. : 11, No. : 4, pp. : 334 — 351 Kimes, S. and McGuire, K. , (2001), ? Function-space revenue management? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 42, No. : 33, pg. : 33  œ 47 Kimes, S. and Robson, S. (2004), ? The impact of restaurant table characteristics on meal duration and spending? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 45, No. : 4, pg. : 333 – 348 Kimes, S. and Thompson G. (2004), ? Restaurant revenue management at Chevys: determining the best table mix? , Decision Sciences, Vol. : 35, No. : 3, pg. : 371 – 392 Kimes, S. Barrash, D. and Alexander, J. , (1999), ? Developing a restaurant revenue-management strategy? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 40, No. : 5, pg. 18 – 31 Kimes, S. , (1999), ? Implementing restaurant revenue management: a five-step approach? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 40, No. : 3, pg. : 1 – 7 Kimes, S. , (2003), ? Revenue management: a retrospective? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 44, pg. : 131 – 139 Kimes, S. , (2004), ? Restaurant revenue management: implementation at Chevys Arrowhead? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 45, No. : 1, pg. : 52 – 69 Kimes, S. , (2004), ? Restaurant revenue management? , CHR Reports, Vol. : 4, No. 2, pg. : 1 – 36 Noone, B. Kimes, S. Mattila, A. and Wirtz, J. , (2007), ? The effect of meal pace on customer satisfaction? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 48, No. : 3, pg. : 231 – 246 Sill, B. and Decker, R. (1999), ? Applying capacity-management science: the case of Browns restaurant? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 40, No. : 3, pg. : 22 – 32 Thompson, G. (2002), ? Optimizing a restaurant‘s seating capacity: use dedicated or combinable tables Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 43, pg. 48 – 59 Thompson, G. (2003), ? Optimizing restaurant-table configurations: specifying combinable tables? , Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. : 44, pg. : 53 – 61 Thompson, G. and Kwortnik, R. Jr. (2008), ? Pooling restaurant reservations to increase service efficiency? , Journal of Service Research, Vol. : 10, No. : 04, pg. : 335 – 348 Thompson, G. and Sohn, H. (2009), ? Time-and capacity-based measurement of restaurant revenue? , Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, Vol. : 50, No. : 04, pg. : 520 – 539 raathi, k. (h – 16045) page 16 of 16 understudy project